Under light, general anaesthesia (or, in some cases, under local anaesthesia combined with a sedative), the surgeon makes a small incision in your skin ( between 1/4" to 1/2" ), through which he introduces a thin, blunt-nosed metal tube into the fat layer that lies deep inside, below the skin. Manipulating the tube (called a "cannula") back and forth, he loosens and breaks up the fat into globules. A suction device attached to the tube then "sucks out" the fat globules, which make their exit through an opening in the tube near its outer end.
Essentially, by creating a number of tunnels within the fat layer, the surgeon undermines its integrity, reducing its fullness and compactness; the result is a kind of sponge that, after surgery, shrinks, causing a less fleshy look and an improved surface contour.
Why create tunnels? Why not just remove all that unwanted fat and give you a better slimming effect? Simply because it is necessary to preserve the blood vessels and nerves that lie in the fat tissue but nourish the layer of skin that lies just above it. Getting rid of them along with the fat could result in loss of skin, scarring, infection, deformity - all of these did, in fact, occur when excessive fat removal was carried out in the earliest attempts at liposuction.
Removing all the fat would also cause the skin to adhere to the muscle layer (located immediately below the fat), resulting in unevenness or a depression in the surface contour.
Because no skin is removed, liposuction does not leave conspicuous scars. However, the incision made to allow entry to the cannula will result in a small scar; with time, this will fade to the colour of the surrounding skin, though it will never entirely disappear. Surgeons try to locate the incision in a natural body crease or in a concealed spot to enhance the aesthetics of the final result: just behind the base of the ear for chin liposuction; near the navel for abdominal liposuction, in the buttock crease for the inner thighs.
The surgery can take from 30 minutes to several hours, depending on which areas are being suctioned, and whether the liposuction procedure is being combined with another one, e.g. liposuction of jowls, combined with a face-lift.
Till date we have equipped with two-dimensional nasal implants, which gives support to the dorsum and columella of nose to enhance and uplift the nose. In this process their are limitations to improve the depressed nostril borders or uneven surface. Here the major complications for the three-dimensional nasal implant that it becomes impractical. Since all the above problem the scientist they do agree with the dwarf technology and limitations of operative procedures. To over come the above-mentioned limitations, Dr. Vijay Sharma has invented a three-dimensional implant, which has got two components, one is main implant with a hole at the junction of the tip and second is medium diameter fine wire.
Operation technique : After giving the local anaesthesia we start digging the inside of the nostril base at the junction of nose and tip from inside of nose with the finest liposuction cannula, which creates a tunnel at the nostril lining, which goes up to the tip and cross the border of other side and comes out of the base of the nostril through the lumen of liposuction cannulae we pass a thick nylon wire. Within the mouth after creating a tunnel, which extend from naso labial junction to the globella (nose forehead junction). In which we introduce the nasal implant with a hole at the tip. Now through the previously dugged tunnel around the nostril we put reasonable thick silastic wire, which passes through the hole of the nasal implant and help this to stay in position for ever. This operation technique gives freedom and ability to design circular, oblige, uplifted, blunt, droopy and uneven nostril to match with other parts of the nose.
With the 3D graphic Camera and orthopentomogram, the 3D graphic image is been taken and a fusion is done with Medical Resonance Index of face with "Stay Young" software, we make presumptive changes on the face or body part on computer and take millimeter to millimeter assessment of the face or body part to volume of soft tissue (skin, fat, cartilage and muscle) and proposition of hard tissue (bone and teeth).
"Stay young" software will give clear picture of the amount of subtraction or addition of the soft tissue and hard tissue & will act as a honest monitoring device to ensure the perfect performance of cosmetic surgery along with the assured safety by not doing any harm to essential anatomic components like nerves and vessels.
Rise of technological advancement have always helped mankind to enhance capabilities. In the history of Cosmetic Surgery Diagnostics role of computer simulation has been tremendous.
2 Dimensional computer imaging has increased the horizon of following
Now 3-Dimensional Technology has given
Results
Conclusion
Who hasn't heard of the nose bob or the nose job? Cosmetic surgeons, rather more sedately, call it rhinoplasty. It's the most-requested procedure for the face, the one that can make the most dramatic difference on some faces and, unfortunately, also the one with the highest rate of post-op dissatisfaction (either because of over-expectations on the part of the patient or over-correction on the part of an ambitious surgeon, or because tricks by Mother Nature or due to constitutional factors can distort the intended result).
The first nasal surgeries are credited to the great Indian practitioner, Sushruta, in the 6th century B.C. In modern times, the development of nose correction procedures has closely paralleled the advancement of cosmetic surgery itself. In fact it was the nose bob that first made plastic surgery a household word. Until the early part of the 20th century, however, the surgical incisions were mostly placed outside the nose; today, they are placed inside the nose so that scars are not visible.
Additionally, techniques are far more refined today. While the earlier corrected noses had a "surgical look", today's new noses are more natural in appearance. The first rhinoplasty operations in recent times were directed at reducing the size of the nose; today, noses can be made smaller or larger, turned up, pushed back, have their nostrils thinned, their profiles made aquiline and much more.
Nose jobs may be requested for a number of different reasons :
The surgery therefore basically involves altering or restoring nose shape by one or more of three approaches :
The procedure is essentially akin to raising or lowering the central support of a tent, thus altering its external appearance.
The eyes, it is, that are the first to go. And since it is the eyes that are the most expressive feature of the face, aging around the eyes is a dead giveaway of whichever decade you're struggling to hide. You can do all the chemical peels you want, re-define your nose and implant a Cupid's bow into your lips, but if you have left your eyes unattended, they'll tell a tale on you.
There's a reason for why the eyes are prone to such early and visible decline: the eyelids have some of the thinnest skin on the body. There is less elastin in this area and only a thin band of collagen. At a blink rate of 6 to 12 times a minute, eyelids get a demanding workout. And then there's the constant abuse to the eyes: endless rubbing, squinting into the sun, late nights, smoking, too much alcohol, dust and other particles.
What happens with age is that the eye's underlying support structures (muscle and tissue) begin to weaken. The loss of the muscle tone causes the skin on the upper and lower lids to slacken, so that it begins to look loose and to fall in folds. At the same time, the sheet of tissue that prevents fat in the eye from bulging also starts to grow lax and to develop small tears. The fat then begins to protrude beneath the weakened tissue, producing a baggy look. The end result is that the upper lids begin to take on a hooded appearance as the skin hangs in ever-looser folds over the eyes; and the lower lids begin to look puffy, creating what are called "bags", "pockets" or "pouches". The wide-eyed look of youth is slowly replaced by an appearance of continual tiredness.
This "fullness" of the lids begins to appear around the age of 35 or 40, at first being noticeable only in the morning, then seeming to stay around longer each day. You may find your eye-shadow smudging at the places where the folds are present. By the mid-40s and the 50s, the bagginess is fairly well attentuated. This un-pretty picture is complicated further by the fact that, as the texture of the skin changes with age, creepy fine wrinkles become imprinted around the eyes.
Puffiness of the lids may also be caused by factors other than aging, in which case it is seen in much younger patients. One such factor is heredity; the bags in this case arise from a congenital weakness of the supporting muscle of the eyes, and the problem tends to run in a family over several generations. In such hereditary puffiness, the fat may begin to bulge at an early age, becoming conspicuous by the 20s or 30s. (Other factors that can cause bagginess in the eyes - but which don't call for surgery - are: too little or too much sleep, over-indulgence in alcohol, too much salt in the diet (both alcohol and salt are fluid retainers), or diseases such as hypothyroidism, heart disease, allergies and kidney disease, all of which promote fluid accumulation. (Medical causes are corrected by treating the underlying condition.)
Thousands of commoners, of different ages, nationalities and cultures, can identify with Prince Charles. No, not with his royal lifestyle or his promotion of alternative therapies. It's those ears : those unmissable, larger-than-life, wish-I-could-hide-them ears. The facial feature that probably, more than any other, prompted the king-in-waiting, to once whine that he was not as handsome as his princely sibling, Andrew Errant ears come in many shapes, sizes and looks - most of them amenable to the aesthetic surgeon's bag of fixes. Here are the basic defects that make for problem ears and what a skilful scalpel can do for them.
Through all your years of youthfulness, your facial skeleton is kept smooth and firm by three layers of tissue: muscle, fat and skin. Aging affects all three muscles lose tone, gravity pulls fat downward and skin becomes less elastic. The result: a craggy, sagging, jowly look as everything seems to go to pieces.
For long decades, the solution to this "all-falls-down" problem has been the face-lift (or rhytidectomy) a fairly aggressive scalpel procedure that involves separating the skin of your face and neck from underlying muscle, pulling it back and up, cutting off the excess skin, re-draping the skin over the face and neck, and then suturing it in front of and behind the earlobes. In the earlier years, this kind of cosmetic surgery often resulted in the waxen, tight look that Hollywood made famous.
Today, facial-contouring procedures are "made-to-order" packages, tailored to each individual's face. What's more, techniques have become more simplified and refined, involve less trauma and pain, and much shorter hospital stays and recuperation periods.
Some persons, such as those whose necks bulge out over their collars or who find themselves with one chin too many, may want to have only a neck lift (or a lower face-lift, as it's also called). That, too, is an option the surgeon will firm up the neck by tightening the cords of muscles, thus eliminating the vertical skin folds that create the turkey gobbler look, and "liposculpting" the chin area to restore firmness and a sharper angle.
Other cosmetic procedures may be super-added to the basic face-lift (although they can also be done separately, as and when they are indicated or desired). These include: a forehead lift, when both brows have gone into a noticeable slouch and when forehead furrows and crow's feet are deeply etched; a chin implant, inserted to correct a receding chin; liposuction to get rid of fat below the chin; blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery) to get rid of the eyebags that often are the first sign of aging. In fact, rather than considering a face-lift alone when it's obvious that you have more to be taken care of than just loose folds and sags, it is far better to discuss with your surgeon an approach that involves a total overhaul of your face. It seems foolish, for instance, to have a face lift to tone and tauten your face while neglecting the tired-looking puffy, eyelids that will compromise the results.
But the classical facelift is still the only option when facial sagging has become pronounced. That is because neither skin creams nor drugs, neither exercise nor chemical peels, can "uplift" skin that has stretched, or tone facial muscles that have gone slack.
Physiologically speaking, the breast is just a secretory gland and a skin appendage. But in actual fact, a woman's breasts are not just sexual objects but also constitute an important part of her self-image. Their status as an erogeneous zone results from their extreme sensitivity arising from the large network of sensory nerves found all over the breasts and especially in the nipples.
Unfortunately, other physiological aspects of the breast make it, on the one hand, highly vulnerable to undesirable changes and, on the other hand, extremely difficult for creams, exercise and other agents to have more than a minimal effect on its appearance.Unlike other physical appendages like the arm or leg, the proper has no significant mass muscle, nor any system of joints, tendons or ligaments to maintain it in position. It is principally held in place by the holding ability of the skin brassiere that surrounds and covers it. The absence of significant muscle mass explains why exercise cannot increase breast size. And the loss of natural elasticity explains why, with increasing age, the high, firm breast of youth rapidly descends and sags.
Other factors also have a negative impact cosmetically speaking on a woman's breasts. During pregnancy and lactation, the breast increases in size. But in the period after childbearing, there is a great loss in the volume and substance of the breast, as well as a loss of elasticity. Weight reduction is another culprit often responsible for losses and shifts in the breast substance, skin stretching and stretch marks. Unfortunately, the first places in which weight is lost include the face and the breasts. All these factors that affect the size and firmness of breasts cannot be prevented by underwired bras, lotions or drugs.
Today, however, surgery can do much to enhance the youthful appearance of breasts, to give you a fuller bosom, even to restore a breast lost to cancer. In doing so, however, the cosmetic surgeon must take care not to sacrifice too much of those aspects of the breast, in particular its sensitivity, that make it much more than just another functional body organ.
No, bald men don't want to hear any more jokes about baldness. More than paunchy waistlines and sagging jawlines, it's a receding hairline that men are most sensitive about. Conventional remedies like "topees" are only slightly less ghastly than the problem. Those men who've tried them know how much they've hated the sight of themselves looking into the mirror each morning and donning those fake things on their heads. Drugs - whether the topical Minoxidil, or the oral Finasteride - do not work in all types of baldness or for all persons with a particular type of baldness, and they can stimulate re-growth only when hair follicles are still present, (though dormant). What's more, in those cases where the drugs do work, the new-grown hair lasts only as long as treatment does; if you stop taking the drug, all the hair it has grown will fall off.
In the case of baldness that does not reverse itself - that is baldness arising from scarring, or due to old age, or the inherited, progressive baldness known as Male Pattern Baldness {MPB} - there is only one medically-recognized, permanent method to restore lost hair: surgery. MPB is a particularly frustrating inheritance to deal with: in this, the hairline first begins receding from the forehead and then the hair loss progressively increases over the crown. Jawaharlal Nehru had this type of baldness pattern, and so did his grandson, Rajiv Gandhi. The extent to which MPB progresses is also genetically determined. Extensive hair loss is far less frequent in women, and cases which call for surgical treatment in women are generally those resulting from burns.
Hair transplant / restoration is today one of the most frequently-requested cosmetic procedures among men. A number of different techniques are available; which one is most suited to tackle your problem is best decided in your pre-op consultation with your cosmetic surgeon. But a hair restoration procedure is major surgery, sometimes requiring general anaesthesia and always calling for a highly motivated patient who is willing to invest stamina, determination and money over a period that could stretch from several months to a year and involve two or more surgery sessions. The surgeon into whose hands you deliver your head must be skilled and experienced in the particular technique that he is going to undertake. If, at the end of the operation, you look like you've had a hair transplant, it was a botched job.
Besides chemical peels, there are other methods of reducing what plastic surgeons call "age-related cosmetic depressions", and what you and I call wrinkles.
This chapter deals with these alternative methods, which have applications for those skins that might not take well to a chemical peel, or for those cases of localized creases where a full-face peel may not be called for.
Medically, they are known as proto-fillers, and they are the ultimate in quick fixes for wrinkles. The approach basically is to erase wrinkles by injecting them with a line-filling substance. Down the decades, all kinds of such substances have been tried; many, including liquid paraffin, polyvinyl alcohol and teflon have fallen by the wayside. So has liquid silicone, first used in the 1950s, but rejected worldwide in the '90s because of adverse reactions that it produced, ranging from uneven surface skin to lumps and even siliconomas.
Collagen This is the line-filler that everyone knows best, Collagen, as we've explained in an earlier chapter, is the protein that gives skin its elasticity. Today, synthetic collagen derived from cowhide and therefore known as `bovine collagen' can be injected into creases to 'fill them up', thereby restoring smoothness to the area.
Three types of synthetic collagen (of varying viscosity) are available, depending on which area of the face is to be treated and also on whether superficial lines are to be filled up or deeper furrows. Zyderm I is best suited for lines around the eyes; for other areas, Zyderm II provides better and longer-lasting correction; Zyplast, the most stable form of synthetic collagen, is ideal for deep wrinkles, depressed scars, for smoothing out uneven contours in the region of the nose, and for increasing nipple projection.
Whichever type of collagen is used, a skin test for a potential allergic reaction needs to be carried out four weeks earlier. Those with oily skins or enlarged pores should also be pre-treated for these since porous skin will not retain a sufficient amount of the injected collagen.
When injected, the gel-like collagen warms to body temperature and forms an implant, which enables the substance to stay put at the injected site, giving structural stability to the skin there.
Soon after the injection of collagen, the skin blanches and then becomes slightly raised. This settles down spontaneously. Resist any impulse to massage the area. The exception is when collagen is injected into lines around the eyes where the skin is very fine and where visible lumpiness can persist over a long term unless the area is massaged immediately after the injection and occasionally a few more times over the next 48 hours.
The downside of collagen injections is that they are expensive. Also, the effects are not permanent top-ups are required every four to twelve months. How long their efficacy lasts depends upon skin type, age, sex, metabolism, disease and external stresses operating on the site (e.g. excessive facial movements). Injected collagen is subject to the same physical influences and physiological processes as natural collagen.
Who is a Candidate?
If you have small, unsightly spider veins on your legs and/or face.
Intended Result
Removal of spider veins on the legs and/or face.
Procedure Description
Using magnification to improve accuracy, a small amount of sclerosing agent (concentrated salt solution) is injected into the visible spider veins.
Sedation is not usually required.
Recuperation and Healing
Discoloration usually persists in the area for 5 to 7 days.
Discomfort is usually minimal. Mild pain medication is all that is required.
The final result is evident in 10 to 14 days.
Insurance Guidelines
This procedure is not covered by insurance.
Note
The specific risks and the suitability of this procedure for a given individual can be determined through a consultation with the plastic surgeon.
